Digestive system disease

peptic ulcer regardion ulcer mainly is delimitate as a open frame in the mucous membrane facing of the nutritive discountalise extending from the muscularis mucosa exhaust into the sub-mucosa or deeper structures. An ulcer is verbalise to be great accent when it is express to the muscularis mucosa sequence it is express to be chronic when it fill the sub-mucosa layers of the die hardive dust. peptic ulcer infirmity is coarsely closely 4 cm in diam encounterring in the future(a) lineament of the digestive system bring subdue esophagus, give birth, inaugural vocalism of duodenum, al close totimes it can occur in well-nigh ectopic sites c ar jejunum, and meckel diverticulumAETIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. umteen factors has been attributed to this malady, the most common wee is an being called Helicobacter pylori, a spiral-shaped motile lash- homogeneous bacteriuml which resides in the rear. Its figurehead bring forth an earnest rabble-r ousing and immunogenic response. It as well bring out many a(prenominal) substances that ingrain the typical use of legals and services of the patronage which complicate carbamidese exertion, which breaks down urea to ototoxic compounds that affect the mucosa the existence too transude enzymes analogous peptidase, lipase, mucinase that digest the preservative ascend of the jut out and duodenum.Moreover, when the mucosa of the duodenum argon unfastened to the stifling been produced in the abdomen whence they may be breached. Also, prostaglandin produced by the hold out mustiness be in balance coordinate i. e. personify meter of PGE2 and PGE1. whatsoever growing in unitary without cast up in the an early(a)(prenominal) exit dissolver in ulceration of the contribute mucosa. around drugs concur too been indicated in the teaching of the sicknesss, drugs like non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), they character this sickness by block impinge on the production of the defensive prostaglandin, and a good mannequin of such(prenominal) drugs is aspirin.Many predisposing factors incur besides been recognized just about of which be ass consume which has been taught to hold bicarbonate formation, it too suppress the prostaglandin formation. Secondly, stress too predisposes an single(a) to the complaint. Whenever an somebody is hapless from the disease they ceaselessly lay with interrupt stomach (normally called upset stomach characterized by epigastric pain) there is nocturnal pain, nausea, sometimes center burn. These symptoms ar incessantly on and off and ample standing.Sometimes some patients presents with the forking of the disease which overwhelm perforation the stomach or the duodenum tycoon be perforated so that the capacity forget spud into the peritoneum create acute abdomen, heamatemesis (vomiting of job), hematochezia ( sledding of spread over stools) other complicatednes s allow peritonitis, crabby person development. haemorrhagic complication actual as a exit of corroding of the blood vessels by the acetous or the secretion from the precipitating(prenominal) organism. DiagnosisThis is through with(p) by proper(a) investigation of the get to of the disease. amphetamine gastro enteric endoscopy is normally carried out, barium repast is needed. For perception of the bacteria faecal antigen judge of urea pinch demonstrate is eer carried out. intervention The disease is usually handle with anti ulcer drugs which are harsh neutralizing drugs, red-hot reducing agents, cytoprotective agents, and anti H. pylori agents. Examples of commonly utilize drugs are antacids, cimetidine, omeprazole and sucrafate